More to the Numbers

I have spent most of the week in Nicaragua (which is a remarkable, beautiful country, by the way) with some of our clients. None of them are option traders, but all of them have similar basic reasons and methods for getting into a stock or any investment, and most have been successful at doing so. But after several conversations, I hopefully convinced them to learn more about options, but more importantly to mitigate the profit-and-loss volatility of their investment portfolios, which seems to be a popular theme amongst all investors.

When most of us look at a stock, or any investment for that matter, we look at its cost, fundamental data and maybe some technical formations, and after some research make a decision to buy or sell. This method is common and has made many successful. But as my good friend Mark Douglas says, there is a huge “profit gap.” A profit gap is the potential you can make in your investing and what you actually end up making.

What many of us fail to look at is the “volatility” of that investment. In other words, we forget to ask what the typical percentage gain or loss over a year’s time may be.

I know math scares the “you know what” out of most people, but it doesn’t have to be that hard. Understanding how volatile an investment is not only can save you the cost of “Pepto-Bismol,” it can save you real cash, help you set realistic profit targets and stop-losses, and shrink your profit gap!

(By the way, options trading and other investment strategies don’t have to be complicated. Sign up for Smart Investing Daily and let me and my fellow editor Sara Nunnally simplify the stock market with our easy-to understand articles.)

What Is the Volatility of a Stock?

To make this explanation straightforward, I will keep this simple.

There are two types of stock volatility:

1. Historical (also called observed volatility) — is a measurement of how much a stock or investment fluctuates in price over a certain period of time.
2. Implied Volatility (aka “IV;” figured from option prices) — tells us how much of a fluctuation the options are anticipating in the future based on their price. 

Both types are expressed in annual percentage terms. So if I said that the observed volatility of IBM is 20%, this means that IBM is moving both up and down at about a 20% annual rate over the past year (or other duration).

*This would also mean that the annual standard deviation for IBM is $20, for all you math geeks.

You can simply observe the movements over a period of time to figure this out. You don’t have to do the math yourself; most brokers actually have this data available in a chart or otherwise. Ask them!

This measurement helps professional traders and you to set realistic expectations for stop-losses and profit targets.

• Assume you bought IBM at $100 and its observed volatility is 20% — what do you think the chances of it getting to $140 in a year’s time are? Probably slim!
• What if you bought IBM for a long-term trade (over a year) and you placed a stop-loss at $95 — what do you think the chances of getting stopped out prematurely are? Probably high!

Can you see how it helps to look at the volatility of a stock before you set targets and stops?

This is only a taste of how historical volatility can be used; if you want to learn more, there are many great educational sources out there. I also covered this in depth in my recent book, Your Options Handbook.

What Options Tell Us

At this point, some or all of you may be about to close the Web page and move on, but I implore you to read further and pay attention to this!

You see, the “smart money” as it’s called uses options to hedge their bets (on stocks) and also to make predictions about a stock’s future movement, especially over earnings or news releases. When they are buying or selling options, they are moving implied volatility up or down!

Looking at an option’s implied volatility can tell you much about what the “smart money” is thinking. Let me be the first to tell you that they are not always right, but they tend to have much more skin in the game and have huge budgets for research (and friends). They make it their business to be right more than they are wrong.

Just about every options broker out there displays an option’s implied volatility in the “option chain.”

Let’s look at real S&P 500 volatility and options this time.

Looking at the chart below, price is on top, volatility is on the bottom (blue is observed, orange is implied). When there not only is a spike in implied volatility, but it Read more